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The ninth month of the year when they fast during day-time.
After initially opposing Mohammed, the Umayyad family became strong Moslems. They became rulers of the Islamic Empire (as Caliphs ) from 661-750, after the death of Ali , the last of the Rightly Guided Caliphs . Headquartered in Damascus, they ruled the entire Islamic Empire--from Spain, across North Africa into the Middle East and beyond--until they were overthrown by the Abassids .
The entire community of Moslems, those who have submitted themselves to Allah . (See also Islam .)
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Wali An Islamic term for saint.
Uthman was the third of the Rightly Guided Caliphs , and ruled from the death of Umar in 644 to 656. Under Uthman, the Quran was edited into its final form. Uthman was a controversial appointment as Caliph, since his extended family--the Umayyads--had been fierce opponents of Mohammed. He was assassinated in 656.
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Prayer (salat or salah in Arabic) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. All Moslems are expected to pray five times a day. These are fixed prayers (including the Shahada and the opening Sura of the Koran ) which can be said in private, whereever one happened to be when the time for prayer comes, or with the community in a mosque .
Since Islam considers Allah to be the god of the Jews and the Christians (see also People of the Book ), it views the important figures of those two religions as prophets of Allah. Some of the figures Islam considers prophets are: Adam, Abraham , Ishmael , David , and Jesus . All these prophets delivered Allah's message, but somehow it was corrupted or shortened and so their work was only partially successful. This is why Mohammed is considered the Seal of the Prophets , because he brought the complete, final, and uncorrupted message of Allah to humanity.